NAME
laip - writes descriptive data, along with static informa-
tion, into the line and trace headers of SIS format datasets
for trace processing. It can index the line, compute eleva-
tion and weathering statics, store field history information
and trace distances input by the user, and omit or invert
traces. If indexing, the line layout must be defined rela-
tive to an arbitrary (x,y) coordinate system.
SYNOPSIS
laip [ -Nntap ] [ -Ootap ] [ -Ccardin ] [ -saveperm ] [ -? ]
DESCRIPTION
laip indexes land lines. Working from observers' notes,
various aspects of the recording geometry can be described.
From this information, laip can set and store needed entries
in the line header and trace header for future referencing.
laip also performs auxiliary functions that can be executed
with, or independently of, indexing. These auxiliary func-
tions are used to correct previous processing errors or
change existing information. Whether indexing is being per-
formed or not, the information input through the use of
these functions will be stored in the appropriate headers.
The operations and options of laip include Location Coordi-
nates, Shot Offsets, Shot Description, Record Selection,
Elevation and Weathering Statics Corrections, Depth Point
Indexing, Source Point Labeling, Line Header Information,
Trace Header Information, Special Data Input(Trace Dis-
tances, Field History), and Omitting/Inverting of
groups/traces as specified.
NOTE: this version has dynamic dimensioning, which removes
any restriction on the number of traces per record to be
allowed. Also, the x,y's are now put in the trace headers
for source, receiver, and source/receiver midpoints. The
uphole times put into the trace headers are now indexed by
the source point index, rather than the group index.
Command line arguments
-N ntap
Enter the full path name of the file containing the
input data set. If not specified, input is expected to
be on the standard input (a pipe into laip). If no
input file is given, and there is no standard input,
the program will abend.
-O otap
Enter the full path name for the output file to receive
the output data. If no output file is specified, the
program will write the output data to the standard out-
put (a pipe out of laip).
-C cardin
File from which processing parameters necessary for
executing laip are specified in card image format. An
error message will be issued if cardin does not exist.
The parameter cards required for laip are:
Card Image: data column entries
Column Variable
*******This card is REQUIRED*******
Only one 1LAIP card allowed per execution.
******* MUST be the first parameter card input.******
1-5 1LAIP (required)
6-10 total number of group location on line. REQUIRED.
11-15 total number of records to be indexed. Entry is stored
in line header when indexing.
blank or 0 = line header value
17-20 traces per record. Required if number of traces per
record in line header is incorrect and must agree
with information given on 1SPAR cards. Entry is
stored in line header when indexing.
blank or 0 = line header value
maximum = 1024
21-25 group interval; required when indexing; ignored when
computing elevation and weathering statics only
(mode=2). Enter normal(model) distance, in feet
or metres, between adjacent traces (group index
locations) in any one record; decimal may be
entered. Entry is stored in line header.
maximum = 9999
NOTE: this entry, along with the Normal Shot Moveup
(cc38-40 of this card), determines CDP interval
for line header storage. If decimal value entered,
entry is rounded to nearest integer before storage.
26-35 -- JOB CONSTANT REFERENCE PLANE PARAMETERS --
Job-constant information for reqional reference
surface. Entries in this field override correspond-
ing parameters on 1GPAR cards.
26-30 job-constant reference surface elevation in feet or
metres; decimal may be entered. Non-zero entry
overrides corresponding parameter on 1GPAR cards
and is stored in line and trace headers.
0 = sea level
NOTE: If left blank and elevation and weathering statics
are being computed, elevations must be input on
1GPAR cards.
31-35 replacement (subweathering) velocity, in feet or metres
per second, for computation of elevation and weather-
ing statics. Decimal may be entered. Non-zero entry
overrides corresponding parameter on 1GPAR cards.
NOTE: If left blank and elevation and weathering statics
are being computed, replacement velocity must be
entered on 1GPAR cards.
38-45 -- NORMAL SHOT PARAMETERS --
Shot information describing field acquisition.
38-40 moveup -- number of group locations the source normally
advances per shot. Decimal may be entered; must be
integer multiple of 0.5.
blank or 0 = 1
For mode=2 (statics only), entry describes the source
moveup used when trace data was indexed.
42-45 label increment -- normal source point label increment
between successive source points. Decimal value
permitted; must be integer multiple of 0.5.
blank or 0 = 1
NOTE: If only every other source point is to be labeled,
this entry can be fractional to facilitate this
labeling method. Source points with non-integer
labels (i.e., .5, 1.5, erc.) will not be assigned
a label on output data set.
47 indexing method -- completed to override index computation
method normally used by the program.
blank or 0 = program determines method for assigning
CDP's
1 = use "DI = SLI + GI"
49 units flag -- type of units; entry is stored in line
header if indexing.
blank or 0 = English units
1 = Metric units
51 processing mode -- type of processing.
blank or 0 = indexing with statics computation
1 = indexing only
2 = statics only
53-54 CDP labeling bucket size to search when assigning a
source point over a CDP; implied decimal preceding
cc 53; ignored if not indexing.
blank or 0 = 0.25
56 printout options -- determines information output on the
User Report.
blank or 0 = print shot and trace information for
all traces of all shots.
1 = print both shot and trace information
for first and last shots, and the shot
information only for all shots in
between.
2 = print shot information plus the trace
information for Traces 1, M, M+1, and
the last trace of each shot.
NOTE: for mode=2 (statics only), the shot information is
given along with the trace number and trace static.
69-75 job number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
76 plot direction; entry is stored in line header.
blank or 0 = normal (right to left)
1 = reverse (left to right)
77-80 -- DISPLAYS --
Complete as necessary. Four display types are
available: Elevation Profile, Stacking Chart,
Traverse Plot, and a Weathering Thickness Plot.
NOTE: the only displays available with this release are
the printer displays at the end of the User Report
(LAIP.xxxxxxx)
blank or 0 = no display
1 = printer display
77 Elevation -- ground surface elevation for each group.
78 Stacking chart when indexing; ignored if not indexing.
79 Traverse plot when indexing; ignored if not indexing.
80 Weathering thickness plot when computing elevation and
weathering statics; ignored if not computing statics.
Column Variable
*******This card is OPTIONAL*******
Required if indexing; otherwise, omit.
Only one 2LAIP card allowed per execution.
MUST follow 1LAIP. All entries on this card
are written in appropriate fields of output
line header.
1-5 2LAIP (required)
6 Equipment code
A = SEG A 9-track field format.
P = all 9-track field formats.
E = exchange or analog data.
D = series 9000, 21-track data.
J = series 10000, 21-track data.
I = ixs data.
8-10 Operations Activity Code (OAC) identifier. Entry should
contain alphanumeric characters only.
11-14 Line number; right justified. Entry should contain
alphanumeric characters only.
20-24 -- SORT PARAMETERS --
Required by trace sorting and compositing programs
in subsequent steps. Input when indexing; entry
stored in line header.
20-23 Fold - number of traces per CDP
24 Type of sorting to be done.
blank or 0 = first in - first out(i.e., least to
greatest record index number and
least to greatest trace number of
each record).
1 = large arrowhead(i.e., first depth
point sorted from maximum to minimum
range; second depth point sorted from
minimum to maximum range, etc.).
2 = echelon sort(i.e., all CDP's sorted
from maximum to minimum range).
25-33 -- FIELD INFORMATION --
Complete to file additional field information in
line header.
25-30 Crew ID -- for identification purposes.
31 Data Type being processed.
C = current shooting
R = review data
T = trade data
32-33 Amoco Digital Truck System.
If input data is SEG A format, enter last two digits
of the SEG A format code (i.e., enter "06" for field
format 0106).
For all other equipment, enter the last two digits of
digital truck system serial number.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
77-80 -- LINE DIRECTION --
The line direction is measured from the last location
on the line toward the first location and is
expressed in whole degrees East or West of North
or South.
77 N or S
78-79 Bearing (0 degrees to 90 degrees)
80 E or W
Column Variable
*******These cards are REQUIRED*******
1GPAR cards used to enter group location information.
As many as necessary may be submitted; at least two
are required:
One 1GPAR card REQUIRED for first group on line;
one 1GPAR card REQUIRED for last group on line.
A 1GPAR card is not required for each group.
******* MUST follow 2LAIP card if present; if 2LAIP ******
******* card not input, must follow 1LAIP card. ******
1-5 1GPAR (required)
6-36 -- GROUP DESCRIPTORS --
Group location information entries.
6-10 Index. REQUIRED.
Enter group index (GI) number to which the parameters
on this card apply.
NOTE: MUST be positive and non-zero.
11-15 Group Elevation, in feet or metres. REQUIRED on at least
one 1GPAR card when computing elevation and weathering
statics; decimal point may be entered. Missing or
blank elevations are computed by linear interpolation
between supplied values. Elevations of zero may be
entered. If only one elevation is input, it will be
job constant.
16 Coordinate Flag; enter on first 1GPAR card ONLY. Ignored
if not indexing.
blank or 0 = coordinates in relative values
1 = coordinates in delta values
17-36 -- COORDINATES --
Ingored if computing elevation and weathering statics
only (cc51 1LAIP = 2). Otherwise, used to define
relative positions of the GI's and to compute
distances if the 8TDIS cards are not input.
17-26 X Coordinate
27-36 Y Coordinate
Enter coordinate values.
blank x on first card = 0.
blank y on first card = 0.
blank x and y on subsequent 1GPAR cards depends upon
the Coordinate Flag (cc16).
37-56 -- WEATHERING DATA --
This field contains the thickness and velocity
parameters for Weathering Layers 1 and 2. This
field ignored if not computing weathering statics.
37-41 Layer 1 Thickness. REQUIRED on first 1GPAR card if
computing weathering statics. Enter thickness in
feet or metres; ignored if not computing weathering
statics.
If only one thickness is defined for Layer 1, it is
used for entire line. If more than one is entered,
thicknesses not given, blank, or zero are computed
by linear interpolation.
42-46 Layer 1 Velocity. REQUIRED if associated "Layer 1
Thickness" field completed. Enter weathering
velocity in feet or metres per second;
decimal may be entered.
If only one velocity if defined for Layer 1, it is
used for entire line. If more than one is entered,
velocities not given, blank, or zero are computed
by linear interpolation.
47-51 Layer 2 Thickness. OPTIONAL; enter thickness of Layer 2
in feet or metres; decimal may be entered. If only
one thickness is defined for Layer 2, it is used
for entire line. If more than one is defined,
values for thicknesses not given, blank, or zero,
are computed by linear interpolation.
52-56 Layer 2 Velocity. REQUIRED if associated "Layer 2
Thickness" field is completed. Enter weathering
velocity in feet or metres per second; decimal
may be entered. If only one velocity given for
Layer 2, it will be used for entire line. If
more than one is defined: missing, blank, or
zero velocities are computed by linear interpolation.
57-66 -- REFERENCE PLANE --
Regional reference surface information for GI in
cc6-10. Ignored if not computing elevation statics
or if job-constant reference plane information is
entered on 1LAIP card.
57-61 Elevation. REQUIRED on at least one 1GPAR card if
"Constant Reference Plane Elevation" (cc26-30 on
1LAIP) was not given and elevation statics are
being computed. Enter elevation, in feet or metres;
decimal values may be entered, but are rounded to
nearest integer before trace header storage.
If more than one elevation is defined: missing or
blank elevations are computed by linear interpola-
tion. Elevations of zero may be entered.
62-66 Replacement Velocity. REQUIRED on at least one 1GPAR card
if "Constant Replacement Velocity" (cc31-35 on 1LAIP)
was not given and elevation statics are being computed.
Enter replacement velocity, in feet or metres per
second; decimal may be entered.
If more than one replacement velocity is defined:
missing, blank, or zero velocities are computed by
linear interpolation.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
Column Variable
*******These cards are OPTIONAL*******
One 2GPAR allowed per 1GPAR card. Defines
weathering data for Layer 3 ONLY.
******* If submitted, MUST follow corresponding 1GPAR. ******
1-5 2GPAR (required)
6-10 Group Index. REQUIRED; group index (GI) number to which
parameters on this card apply; must agree with GI on
preceding 1GPAR card.
37 -46 -- LAYER 3 --
Information for weathering Layer 3.
37-41 Thickness. REQUIRED on first 2GPAR card. Enter
thickness, in feet or metres, for Layer 3;
decimal may be entered.
42-46 Velocity. REQUIRED if associated "Layer 3 Thickness"
field completed. Enter weathering velocity in
feet or metres per second; decimal may be entered.
If only one velocity is defined for Layer 3, it is
used for entire line. If more than one is entered,
velocities not given, blank, or zero are computed
by linear interpolation.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
Column Variable
*******These cards are REQUIRED*******
1SPAR cards used to describe shot geometry and
information. For normal shooting, only 2 cards
are required:
One 1SPAR card REQUIRED for first shot on line;
one 1SPAR card REQUIRED for last shot on line.
For irregular shooting, enter a 1SPAR card for
each change in shooting. As many 1SPAR cards as
necessary may be submitted.
******* MUST follow 1GPAR and any 2GPAR cards input. ******
1-5 1SPAR (required)
6-11 Source Location. REQUIRED; enter GI for shot; decimal
may be entered. If shot is offset, enter GI at
which the shot would have been made.
12-39 -- TRACE LOCATIONS --
Entries in this field describe trace locations
in terms of GI's; decimal values INVALID.
12-16 Trace 1. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter location
(GI) for trace 1.
blank or 0 on subsequent cards = previous location
for Trace 1 plus Moveup (1LAIP cc38-40)
17-21 Trace N. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter location
(GI) for Trace N, where N is the last trace on
the record.
blank or 0 on subsequent cards = previous location
for Trace N plus Moveup (1LAIP cc38-40)
22-39 -- SPLIT SPREAD PARAMETERS --
These parameters apply to split spread shooting
ONLY; must be completed on first card if shooting
split spread.
22-25 Trace M Number. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter
trace number of last trace before gap.
blank or 0 on subsequent = previous Trace M number
(i.e., the last trace before the gap is the same
for all shots).
26-30 Trace M Location. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter
location (GI) of last trace before gap.
blank or 0 on subsequent cards = previous Trace M
location plus Moveup.
31-34 Trace M+1 Number. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter
number of first trace after the gap.
blank or 0 on subsequent cards = previous Trace M+1
number (i.e., first trace after the gap
is constant for all shots).
35-39 Trace M+1 Location. REQUIRED on first 1SPAR card; enter
location (GI) of first trace after the gap.
blank or 0 on subsequent cards = previous location
plus Moveup.
40-48 -- SHOT OFFSET PARAMETERS --
Describe any shot offset here; applies to this
shot ONLY.
40-44 Distance, in feet or metres, from the "Source Location"
(cc6-11) to the shot location.
blank or 0 = no offset
45-48 Angle of offset, clockwise, in degrees, relative to the
direction of increasing GI's.
blank = 0
49-54 Source Point Number for this shot; must be positive.
First 5 characters must be numeric and right
justified; last character is an optional alpha-
numeric descriptor. If optional descriptor is
an "*", the source point described on this card
will not be labeled.
blank or 0 = 1 on first card; otherwise, the
Normal Shot Label Increment(cc42-45
of 1LAIP) is added to previous
computed shot label.
55-64 -- SHOT HOLE PARAMETERS --
Parameters in this field describe uphole informa-
tion for this shot; information is used until
changed on a subsequent card.
55-58 Hole Depth, in feet or metres; decimal may be entered.
blank = 0 on first card; otherwise, default is
previous entry.
59-61 Uphole Time, in ms.
blank = 0 on first card; otherwise, default is
previous entry.
62-64 Uphole Seismic Offset, in feet or metres, of the uphole
geophone.
blank = 0
65-68 Bulk Static Correction, in ms, to add to the trace
headers in addition to any computed statics.
blank or 0 = no correction
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
76-80 Input Record Number (halfword 106, RecNum, of trace header)
corresponding to this shot. Parameters on this card
are not used until this record index is encountered
on the trace data.
blank or 0 = first input record on first card; other-
wise, default is next input record.
Column Variable
*******These cards are OPTIONAL*******
One "set" of 8TDIS cards allowed per 1SPAR
card. Each set of 8TDIS cards defines trace
distances for a specific record. As many
8TDIS cards as necessary may be input in a
given "set"; each set must immediately follow
the associated 1SPAR card submitted for the
corresponding record.
The distances entered are stored in the trace
headers only; they have no effect on indexing.
If no 8TDIS cards are input, distances computed
from location information on 1SPAR cards are
stored in trace headers. Distances are
required for the first and last traces; missing
distances are linearly interpolated.
1-5 8TDIS (required)
6-68 -- TRACE-DISTANCE PAIRS --
Entries in this field completed as necessary; at
least two pairs required for interpolation.
6-9 Tr. Number --pair 1--
10-14 Distance
15-18 Tr. Number --pair 2--
19-23 Distance
24-27 Tr. Number --pair 3--
28-32 Distance
33-36 Tr. Number --pair 4--
37-41 Distance
42-45 Tr. Number --pair 5--
46-50 Distance
51-54 Tr. Number --pair 6--
55-59 Distance
60-63 Tr. Number --pair 7--
64-68 Distance
At least two trace-distance pairs required. Enter
the trace number and associated trace distance in
feet or metres. Up to seven pairs may be defined
per card.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
76-80 Input Record Number (halfword 106, RecNum, of trace
header) to which parameters on this card apply.
blank or 0 = Record Index (cc76-80) on accompany-
ing 1SPAR card.
Column Variable
*******These cards are OPTIONAL*******
Valid ONLY when indexing. Used for specifying
groups to be omitted (1GROM cards) and/or inverted
(1GRIN cards). 1GROM and 1GRIN cards can be input
simultaneously. As many cards as necessary may
be input, but must be submitted as a "set".
******* If submitted, MUST follow corresponding 1SPAR/ ******
******* 8TDIS cards, but may precede or follow any ******
******* 1TROM/1TRIN cards that may be present. ******
1-5 Card Identifier; REQUIRED.
1GROM = omit (kill) indicated group(s)
1GRIN = reverse polarity of (invert)
indicated group(s)
6-25 -- FIRST RANGE --
Entries in this field define one or more groups for
which the recorded traces are to be omitted or
inverted, and the record(s) on which the group(s)
occurs.
6-10 From Group (First)
11-15 Thru Group (First)
At least one of these two entries is required.
Enter the group index (GI) number(s) of the first
and last group(s) to include in the range of groups
being processed.
If only one group is to be omitted or inverted,
GI number may be entered in either field.
16-20 From Record(First)
21-25 Thru Record(First)
At least one of these two entries is required.
Enter record number(s) of first and last records
on which to omit or invert groups defined in
preceding "From and/or Thru Group" fields.
If indicated group(s) is to be omitted or inverted
only on one record, the record number may be
entered in either field.
26-45 -- SECOND RANGE --
46-65 -- THIRD RANGE --
OPTIONAL; completed as necessary to define additional
groups or ranges of groups to omit or invert, as
indicated by the card identifier (cc1-5).
26-30 From Group (Second)
31-35 Thru Group (Second)
Complete as in First Range description.
36-40 From Record(Second)
41-45 Thru Record(Second)
Complete as in First Range description.
46-50 From Group (Third)
51-55 Thru Group (Third)
Complete as in First Range description.
56-60 From Record(Third)
61-65 Thru Record(Third)
Complete as in First Range description.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
Column Variable
*******These cards are OPTIONAL*******
Valid ONLY when indexing. Used for specifying
traces to be omitted (1TROM cards) and/or inverted
(1TRIN cards). 1TROM and 1TRIN cards can be input
simultaneously. As many cards as necessary may
be input, but must be submitted as a "set".
******* If submitted, MUST follow corresponding 1SPAR/ ******
******* 8TDIS cards, but may precede or follow any ******
******* 1GROM/1GRIN cards that may be present. ******
1-5 Card Identifier; REQUIRED.
1TROM = omit (kill) indicated trace(s)
1TRIN = reverse polarity of (invert)
indicated trace(s)
6-25 -- FIRST RANGE --
Entries in this field define one or more traces
to be omitted or inverted, and the record(s) on
which the trace(s) occurs.
6-10 From Trace (First)
11-15 Thru Trace (First)
At least one of these two entries is required.
Enter the trace number(s) of the first and last
trace(s) to include in the range of traces
being processed.
If only one trace is to be omitted or inverted,
trace number may be entered in either field.
16-20 From Record(First)
21-25 Thru Record(First)
At least one of these two entries is required.
Enter record number(s) of first and last records
on which to omit or invert traces defined in
preceding "From and/or Thru Trace" fields.
If indicated trace(s) is to be omitted or inverted
only on one record, the record number may be
entered in either field.
26-45 -- SECOND RANGE --
46-65 -- THIRD RANGE --
OPTIONAL; completed as necessary to define additional
traces or ranges of traces to omit or invert, as
indicated by the card identifier (cc1-5).
26-30 From Trace (Second)
31-35 Thru Trace (Second)
Complete as in First Range description.
36-40 From Record(Second)
41-45 Thru Record(Second)
Complete as in First Range description.
46-50 From Trace (Third)
51-55 Thru Trace (Third)
Complete as in First Range description.
56-60 From Record(Third)
61-65 Thru Record(Third)
Complete as in First Range description.
69-75 Job Number. No longer required; warning message will be
printed if this does not agree with the job number
on the input data set.
Column Variable
*******These cards are OPTIONAL*******
Submitted only if field history information is to
be placed in line header of output data set. As
many 1FLDH cards as necessary may be input.
NOTE: if field history information already exists
in input data set line header, it will be
replaced by this information.
******* MUST follow 1SPAR/8TDIS cards(if present), or ******
******* any 1GROM/GRIN and/or 1TROM/1TRIN cards present.******
1-5 1FLDH (required)
11-45 Field History Information
This entry is a free-form field and may be completed
as necessary to enter field history information.
Blank entries appear as blank lines on the plot label.
-saveperm
Flag to not reset Permanent Record Index and Permanent Trace Index to
calculated record and trace numbers.
-? Query mode. With this flag, laip will
send a description of the command line arguments to the
standard error output and stop.
If operating under the Berkeley shell (csh), the -? must be quoted
with single quotes, i.e., '-?'.
BUGS
No trap for running program without an input file and noth-
ing in the standard input.
A command line option letter and its corresponding argument
may not be separated by whitespace.
AUTHOR
Marilyn Miller (1993)
COPYRIGHT
copyright 2001, Amoco Production Company
All Rights Reserved
an affiliate of BP America Inc.
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